Diana Deutsch has long been on the forefront of the study of sound perception and memory, and has done extensive work in the subfield of music. Her experiments run from the curious to the astonishing, and have a simple elegance to them. They include words which emerge from other words, glissandi which seemingly and wonderfully go on senza fine, cambiata tricks, and many more. Here is an excerpt from one of the simpler ones. Listen to the words and then notice, as it is repeated, how a melody emerges (I-V in B Major, or IV-I in F# Major, as a matter of fact). Cool, eh?

(The other disc she mentions in passing, by the way, Musical Illusions and Paradoxes is quite good, too. Get it here.)